燃氣發電機作為分布式能源系統的核心設備，其穩定運行直接關系到供電可靠性。在實際運維中，設備可能因環境、燃料質量或操作不當引發故障。以下從專業角度解析五類典型故障及其處理方案。

　　As the core equipment of distributed energy systems, the stable operation of gas generators is directly related to the reliability of power supply. In actual operation and maintenance, equipment may malfunction due to environmental factors, fuel quality, or improper operation. Below are five typical types of faults and their solutions from a professional perspective.

　　一、點火系統失效

　　1、 Ignition system failure

　　故障現象：機組啟動困難或運行中突然熄火，伴隨點火線圈過熱。

　　Fault phenomenon: The unit has difficulty starting or suddenly shuts down during operation, accompanied by overheating of the ignition coil.

　　原因分析：

　　Cause analysis:

　　火花塞間隙積碳導致電火花強度不足，常見于含硅沼氣或天然氣。

　　Carbon buildup in the gap between spark plugs leads to insufficient electrical spark intensity, commonly found in silicon containing biogas or natural gas.

　　點火線圈絕緣層老化，在濕度高于80%環境下易引發短路。

　　The insulation layer of the ignition coil is aging, which can easily cause short circuits in environments with humidity above 80%.

　　處理方式：

　　Handling method:

　　每運行200小時用砂紙清理火花塞電極，間隙調整至0.7-0.8mm。

　　Clean the spark plug electrode with sandpaper every 200 hours of operation, and adjust the gap to 0.7-0.8mm.

　　更換耐高溫點火線圈，采用環氧樹脂灌封工藝提升防潮性能。

　　Replace the high-temperature resistant ignition coil and use epoxy resin encapsulation technology to improve moisture resistance.

　　安裝點火能量檢測模塊，當單次點火能量低于50mJ時觸發報警。

　　Install the ignition energy detection module to trigger an alarm when the single ignition energy is below 50mJ.

　　二、燃料供應異常

　　2、 Abnormal fuel supply

　　故障現象：機組功率波動超過±10%，或燃料壓力表指針劇烈擺動。

　　Fault phenomenon: The power fluctuation of the unit exceeds ± 10%, or the fuel pressure gauge pointer swings violently.

　　原因分析：

　　Cause analysis:

　　燃料過濾器堵塞導致壓降超過0.5bar，常見于含雜質生物質氣。

　　Fuel filter blockage leads to a pressure drop exceeding 0.5 bar, commonly seen in biomass gas containing impurities.

　　燃料調壓閥膜片破裂，在0.3MPa以上壓力工況下易發生。

　　The rupture of the fuel pressure regulating valve diaphragm is prone to occur under pressure conditions above 0.3 MPa.

　　處理方式：

　　Handling method:

　　配備雙聯過濾器并聯運行，單組堵塞時自動切換至備用濾芯。

　　Equipped with dual filters for parallel operation, it automatically switches to the backup filter element when a single group is blocked.

　　調壓閥選型時考慮1.5倍安全系數，膜片材質升級為氟橡膠。

　　When selecting a pressure regulating valve, consider a safety factor of 1.5 times and upgrade the diaphragm material to fluororubber.

　　安裝燃料質量在線監測儀，實時顯示甲烷濃度及雜質含量。

　　Install an online fuel quality monitor to display methane concentration and impurity content in real-time.

　　三、排氣背壓過高

　　3、 Excessive exhaust back pressure

　　故障現象：機組排煙溫度突增至600℃以上，伴隨渦輪增壓器喘振。

　　Fault phenomenon: The exhaust temperature of the unit suddenly increases to over 600 ℃, accompanied by turbocharger surge.

　　原因分析：

　　Cause analysis:

　　催化轉化器載體堵塞，在硫含量超標燃料中運行2000小時后易發生。

　　Catalytic converter carrier blockage is prone to occur after 2000 hours of operation in fuels with excessive sulfur content.

　　消音器內部填充材料板結，導致實際背壓超過設計值30%。

　　The internal filling material of the muffler is laminated, resulting in an actual back pressure exceeding the design value by 30%.

　　處理方式：

　　Handling method:

　　催化轉化器前加裝顆粒捕集器，每500小時用壓縮空氣反吹清理。

　　Install a particle trap before the catalytic converter and clean it with compressed air every 500 hours.

　　消音器改用不銹鋼絲網結構，替換傳統巖棉填充材料。

　　The muffler has been replaced with a stainless steel wire mesh structure, replacing the traditional rock wool filling material.

　　安裝排氣背壓傳感器，當壓力超過3kPa時啟動保護性停機。

　　Install exhaust back pressure sensor and initiate protective shutdown when the pressure exceeds 3kPa.

　　四、冷卻系統泄漏

　　4、 Cooling system leakage

　　故障現象：冷卻液液位每小時下降超過0.5L，機組高溫報警頻繁觸發。

　　Fault phenomenon: The coolant level drops by more than 0.5L per hour, and the unit's high temperature alarm is frequently triggered.

　　原因分析：

　　Cause analysis:

　　水泵機械密封失效，在含氯冷卻液中腐蝕速率加快。

　　The mechanical seal of the water pump fails, and the corrosion rate accelerates in chlorine containing coolant.

　　散熱器翅片倒伏率超過20%，導致實際散熱面積不足設計值80%。

　　The lodging rate of the radiator fins exceeds 20%, resulting in the actual heat dissipation area being less than 80% of the design value.

　　處理方式：

　　Handling method:

　　水泵選型時采用碳化硅機械密封，耐溫范圍擴展至150℃。

　　When selecting water pumps, silicon carbide mechanical seals are used, and the temperature resistance range is extended to 150 ℃.

　　散熱器加裝防倒伏導流板，每運行1000小時用高壓水槍清理翅片間隙。

　　Install anti lodging deflectors on the radiator and clean the fin gaps with a high-pressure water gun every 1000 hours of operation.

　　冷卻系統改用乙二醇型防凍液，冰點降至-35℃以適應極端環境。

　　The cooling system has been replaced with ethylene glycol antifreeze, with a freezing point lowered to -35 ℃ to adapt to extreme environments.

　　五、電氣系統接地故障

　　5、 Electrical system grounding fault

　　故障現象：機組控制柜報“接地故障”，絕緣電阻低于0.5MΩ。

　　Fault phenomenon: The unit control cabinet reports a "grounding fault" with insulation resistance below 0.5M Ω.

　　原因分析：

　　Cause analysis:

　　電纜接頭防水失效，在濕度95%以上環境中24小時內即可能擊穿。

　　The waterproof failure of cable joints may cause breakdown within 24 hours in environments with humidity above 95%.

　　變頻器功率模塊絕緣損壞，常見于雷電活動頻繁區域。

　　The insulation damage of the power module of the frequency converter is common in areas with frequent lightning activity.

　　處理方式：

　　Handling method:

　　電纜接頭采用雙層熱縮管密封，外層加裝不銹鋼防水接頭。

　　The cable joint is sealed with double-layer heat shrink tubing, and a stainless steel waterproof joint is installed on the outer layer.

　　變頻器輸入端加裝I級試驗浪涌保護器，殘壓控制在1.5kV以下。

　　Install a Class I test surge protector at the input end of the frequency converter, with residual voltage controlled below 1.5kV.

　　每月用500V兆歐表檢測絕緣電阻，建立絕緣性能衰減曲線。

　　Use a 500V megohmmeter to measure insulation resistance every month and establish an insulation performance attenuation curve.

　　燃氣發電機的穩定運行依賴于預防性維護與快速故障處置的結合。通過建立設備健康檔案，實施基于狀態的維護（CBM）策略，可降低非計劃停機率60%以上。運維人員需重點監控點火能量、燃料壓力、排氣背壓等關鍵參數，結合紅外熱成像、振動分析等預測性維護技術，構建起涵蓋設計、安裝、調試、運維全生命周期的可靠性保障體系。

　　The stable operation of gas generators relies on the combination of preventive maintenance and rapid fault handling. By establishing equipment health records and implementing state based maintenance (CBM) strategies, unplanned downtime rates can be reduced by over 60%. Operation and maintenance personnel need to focus on monitoring key parameters such as ignition energy, fuel pressure, and exhaust back pressure, and combine predictive maintenance technologies such as infrared thermography and vibration analysis to build a reliability assurance system covering the entire life cycle of design, installation, commissioning, and operation and maintenance.

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