高低濃度瓦斯的相關(guān)知識(shí)以及區(qū)分方法

Related knowledge and differentiation methods of high and low concentration gas

　　煤層氣在煤礦稱(chēng)為煤礦瓦斯，簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)瓦斯根據(jù)新的資源評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果，我國(guó)陸上煤層氣資源量36.8萬(wàn)億立方米，與陸上常規(guī)天然氣資源量（38萬(wàn)億立方米）相當(dāng)，僅次于俄羅斯和加拿大。煤層氣的主要成分是甲烷，甲烷在空氣中的濃度達(dá)到5%－16%時(shí)，遇明火就會(huì)爆炸，這是煤礦瓦斯爆炸事故的根源。煤層氣不加以利用，直接排放到大氣中，其溫室效應(yīng)約為二氧化碳的21倍。煤礦瓦斯發(fā)電，既可以有效地解決煤礦瓦斯事故、改善煤礦安全生產(chǎn)條件，又有利于增加潔凈能源供應(yīng)、減少溫室氣體排放，達(dá)到保護(hù)生命、保護(hù)資源、保護(hù)環(huán)境的多重目標(biāo)。

Coalbed methane in coal mines is called coal mine gas, abbreviated as gas. According to the new resource evaluation results, China's onshore coalbed methane resources are 36.8 trillion cubic meters, which is equivalent to the onshore conventional natural gas resources (38 trillion cubic meters), second only to Russia and Canada. The main component of coalbed methane is methane. When the concentration of methane in the air reaches 5% -16%, it will explode when encountering an open flame, which is the root cause of coal mine gas explosion accidents. Coalbed methane is not utilized and is directly emitted into the atmosphere, with a greenhouse effect about 21 times that of carbon dioxide. Coal mine gas power generation can effectively solve coal mine gas accidents, improve coal mine safety production conditions, increase clean energy supply, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and achieve multiple goals of protecting lives, resources, and the environment.

　　（一）低濃度瓦斯發(fā)電技術(shù)

（1） Low concentration gas power generation technology

　　煤礦瓦斯分高濃度瓦斯和低濃度瓦斯，高濃度瓦斯是指瓦斯（甲烷）濃度大于25%的瓦斯，低濃度瓦斯是指瓦斯?jié)舛鹊陀?5%的瓦斯。我國(guó)60%以上的瓦斯是含甲烷25%以下的低濃度瓦斯，按煤礦安全規(guī)程要求，瓦斯?jié)舛仍?5%以下的就不能貯存和輸送。低濃度瓦斯發(fā)電需要解決2個(gè)問(wèn)題，一是各個(gè)煤礦的本身不一樣，而且隨時(shí)都在變化，傳統(tǒng)的發(fā)電機(jī)組很難;以不變應(yīng)萬(wàn)變 ，二是低濃度瓦斯的安全輸送問(wèn)題。依托勝動(dòng)和濟(jì)柴在燃?xì)鈨?nèi)燃機(jī)領(lǐng)域的領(lǐng)先技術(shù)，率先研制出性能卓越的高濃度瓦斯發(fā)電機(jī)組，并后繼開(kāi)發(fā)出能適用于低濃度瓦斯的中大功率低濃度瓦斯發(fā)電機(jī)組，成為最早掌握低濃度瓦斯發(fā)電機(jī)組技術(shù)的廠家之一。其中500KW高低濃度瓦斯發(fā)電機(jī)組和600KW高低濃度瓦斯發(fā)電機(jī)組該機(jī)組性能最為卓越，性?xún)r(jià)比高。機(jī)組采用電控燃?xì)饣旌掀骷夹g(shù)，可以自動(dòng)控制空燃比，以適應(yīng)瓦斯的濃度變化，適合我國(guó)煤礦點(diǎn)多量小的特點(diǎn)，同時(shí)，發(fā)明了低濃度瓦斯安全輸送技術(shù)，采用細(xì)水霧技術(shù)，解決了低濃度瓦斯的地面安全輸送問(wèn)題。

Coal mine gas is divided into high concentration gas and low concentration gas. High concentration gas refers to gas (methane) with a concentration greater than 25%, and low concentration gas refers to gas with a concentration lower than 25%. More than 60% of gas in our country is low concentration gas containing less than 25% methane. According to coal mine safety regulations, gas with a concentration below 25% cannot be stored or transported. Low concentration gas power generation needs to solve two problems. Firstly, each coal mine itself is different and constantly changing, making it difficult for traditional power generation units; The second issue is the safe transportation of low concentration gas. Relying on the leading technology of Shengdong and Jichai in the field of gas internal combustion engines, we have taken the lead in developing high-performance high concentration gas generator sets, and subsequently developed medium to high power low concentration gas generator sets that can be applied to low concentration gas, becoming one of the earliest manufacturers to master the technology of low concentration gas generator sets. Among them, the 500KW high and low concentration gas generator set and the 600KW high and low concentration gas generator set have the most outstanding performance and high cost-effectiveness. The unit adopts electronic control gas mixer technology, which can automatically control the air-fuel ratio to adapt to changes in gas concentration, suitable for the characteristics of large and small coal mines in China. At the same time, low concentration gas safety transportation technology has been invented, and fine water mist technology has been used to solve the problem of ground safety transportation of low concentration gas.

　　（二）低濃度瓦斯發(fā)電基本要求

（2） Basic requirements for low concentration gas power generation

　　首先、按國(guó)家煤礦安全管理部門(mén)的要求安裝了瓦斯抽放系統(tǒng),并且瓦斯抽放系統(tǒng)須正常運(yùn)行；其次、瓦斯抽放系統(tǒng)純瓦斯抽放量在100萬(wàn)m3/年左右，瓦斯?jié)舛仍?-25%之間。達(dá)到這2個(gè)條件就能具備建設(shè)瓦斯電站的基礎(chǔ)，若建設(shè)瓦斯電站就可實(shí)現(xiàn);以利用促抽采、以抽采促安全;的煤礦良性循環(huán)發(fā)展。

Firstly, a gas drainage system has been installed in accordance with the requirements of the national coal mine safety management department, and the gas drainage system must operate normally; Secondly, the pure gas drainage volume of the gas drainage system is about 1 million m3/year, and the gas concentration is between 6-25%. By meeting these two conditions, one can have the foundation to build a gas power station. If a gas power station is built, it can be achieved; Promoting extraction through utilization and promoting safety through extraction; The virtuous cycle development of coal mines.

　　高低濃度瓦斯的劃分：

Classification of high and low concentration gas:

　　煤礦瓦斯分高濃度瓦斯和低濃度瓦斯，高濃度瓦斯是指瓦斯（甲烷）濃度大于25%的瓦斯，低濃度瓦斯是指瓦斯?jié)舛鹊陀?5%的瓦斯。我國(guó)60%以上的瓦斯是含甲烷25%以下的低濃度瓦斯，按煤礦安全規(guī)程要求，瓦斯?jié)舛仍?5%以下的就不能貯存和輸送。

Coal mine gas is divided into high concentration gas and low concentration gas. High concentration gas refers to gas (methane) with a concentration greater than 25%, and low concentration gas refers to gas with a concentration lower than 25%. More than 60% of gas in our country is low concentration gas containing less than 25% methane. According to coal mine safety regulations, gas with a concentration below 25% cannot be stored or transported.

　　低濃度瓦斯發(fā)電基本要求：

Basic requirements for low concentration gas power generation:

　　1、按國(guó)家煤礦安全管理部門(mén)的要求安裝了瓦斯抽放系統(tǒng),并且瓦斯抽放系統(tǒng)須正常運(yùn)行；

1. According to the requirements of the national coal mine safety management department, a gas drainage system has been installed and must operate normally;

　　2、瓦斯抽放系統(tǒng)純瓦斯抽放量在100萬(wàn)m3/年左右，瓦斯?jié)舛仍?-25%之間。

2. The pure gas drainage capacity of the gas drainage system is about 1 million m3/year, and the gas concentration is between 6-25%.

　　機(jī)組對(duì)瓦斯的要求：

Unit's requirements for gas:

　　1、在距離燃?xì)鈾C(jī)組燃?xì)膺M(jìn)氣閥1m內(nèi)1、瓦斯溫度≤40℃；

1. Within 1 meter from the gas inlet valve of the gas unit, the gas temperature should be ≤ 40 ℃;

　　2、瓦斯壓力3～20kpa，壓力變化率≤1kpa/min；

2. Gas pressure of 3-20kpa, pressure change rate ≤ 1kpa/min;

　　3、H2S≤200mg/Nm3；

3. H2S ≤ 200mg/Nm3;

　　4、對(duì)于CH4體積含量，高濃度瓦斯發(fā)電機(jī)組要求甲烷含量在25%以上，低濃度瓦斯發(fā)電機(jī)組要求甲烷含量在12%-25%可以正常啟動(dòng)。

4. For CH4 volume content, high concentration gas generators require a methane content of over 25%, while low concentration gas generators require a methane content of 12% -25% to start normally.

　　5、瓦斯中水分含量≤40g/Nm36、雜質(zhì)粒度≤5μm，雜質(zhì)含量≤30mg/Nm3。如果可燃?xì)怏w中含硫及氨成分較高，不僅會(huì)嚴(yán)重腐蝕火花塞電極，而且會(huì)使機(jī)油中的酸值增加腐蝕機(jī)組內(nèi)部零件，同時(shí)易于生成沉淀物，增加對(duì)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的磨損和腐蝕。

5. Moisture content in gas ≤ 40g/Nm36, impurity particle size ≤ 5 μ m. Impurity content ≤ 30mg/Nm3. If the sulfur and ammonia components in the combustible gas are high, not only will it seriously corrode the spark plug electrode, but it will also increase the acid value in the engine oil and corrode the internal parts of the unit. At the same time, it is easy to generate sediment, which increases the wear and corrosion of the engine.

　　可根據(jù)客戶(hù)實(shí)際需要配置單套機(jī)組功率涵蓋500kw-800kw的瓦斯發(fā)電機(jī)組。對(duì)于裝機(jī)容量在1MW以上的項(xiàng)目，我們建議客戶(hù)使用多臺(tái)500KW的機(jī)組并機(jī)并網(wǎng)，綜合性?xún)r(jià)比最高。電站運(yùn)行也更加穩(wěn)定，維護(hù)保養(yǎng)方便，且維護(hù)成本低。

According to the actual needs of customers, a single set of gas generator units with a power range of 500kw-800kw can be configured. For projects with an installed capacity of over 1MW, we recommend that customers use multiple 500KW units connected to the grid for the highest comprehensive cost-effectiveness. The operation of the power station is also more stable, with convenient maintenance and low maintenance costs.

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