The power combustion characteristics and introduction of biogas in biogas generator units. The reason why biogas can be used as fuel is because it contains more than 50% methane. Generally, biogas contains 60-70% methane. The low calorific value of biogas per cubic meter is about 5000 to 6000 kcal, which has a high calorific value. Due to the presence of carbon dioxide in biogas, its flame propagation speed is reduced, resulting in good anti explosion performance in internal combustion engines. Methane has an octane number between 105 and 115, while biogas has a higher octane number, up to 135. Due to its excellent anti riot performance, the engine can choose a higher compression ratio. Therefore, an internal combustion engine with the same working volume can achieve power not lower than the original engine when using biogas. For example, a large number of agricultural diesel engines owned in rural areas can obtain equivalent power when operating on biogas or dual fuel.

這就使得在配套機具上帶來方便，以S195型馬力柴油機為例，有二種以上水泵，以及手扶拖拉機、打米、飼料粉碎、發電等作業機具，其配套轉速與功率均已定下多年，如要變動，重新為沼氣發電機組研制這么一大套新產品，勢必事倍功半，難以推廣。

This brings convenience in supporting equipment. Taking the S195 horsepower diesel engine as an example, it was originally equipped with two or more types of water pumps, as well as walking tractors, rice threshing, feed crushing, and power generation equipment. Its supporting speed and power have been set for many years. If there is a change, developing such a large new product for the biogas generator set will inevitably result in twice the effort and difficult to promote.

二、柴油內燃機用沼氣的改裝方法

2、 Modification method for biogas used in diesel internal combustion engines

柴油機和點燃型發動機（汽油發動機）是經濟的內燃機。這兩種發動機用沼氣作為燃料之前必須進行改裝，為燃燒室提供適合的混合氣，即在化油器前增加一個沼氣—空氣混合器。

Diesel engines and spark ignition engines (gasoline engines) are economical internal combustion engines. Before using biogas as fuel, these two engines must be modified to provide a suitable mixture for the combustion chamber, that is, adding a biogas air mixer in front of the carburetor.

沼氣發動機一般分為壓燃式和引燃式兩種。

Biogas engines are generally divided into two types: compression ignition and pilot ignition.

壓燃式發動機采用柴油—沼氣雙燃料，通過壓燃少量的柴油以點燃沼氣進行燃燒做功。這種發動機的特點是可調節柴油/沼氣比，當沼氣不足甚至停氣時，發動機仍能正常工作。缺點在于系統復雜，所以大型沼氣發電工程往往不采用這種發動機。而多采用引燃式沼氣發動機也稱全燒式沼氣發動機，其特點是結構簡單，操作方便，而且無需輔助燃料，適用大中型沼氣工程下工作。柴油機改裝為引燃式沼氣發動機，除了在化油器前增加一個沼氣—空氣混合器之外，還需加裝一個電點火系統，同時增加火花塞。{$page}

The compression ignition engine uses a dual fuel of diesel and biogas, which ignites a small amount of diesel to ignite biogas for combustion and work. The characteristic of this type of engine is that it can adjust the diesel/biogas ratio, and can still operate normally when the biogas is insufficient or even stopped. The disadvantage is that the system is complex, so large-scale biogas power generation projects often do not use this type of engine. And most of them use pilot ignition biogas engines, also known as full combustion biogas engines, which are characterized by simple structure, convenient operation, and no need for auxiliary fuel, suitable for working in large and medium-sized biogas projects. The modification of a diesel engine to a pilot ignition biogas engine requires not only the addition of a biogas air mixer in front of the carburetor, but also the installation of an electric ignition system and the addition of spark plugs. {$page}

三、沼氣—柴油雙燃料發動機的操作方法及注意事項

3、 Operating methods and precautions for biogas diesel dual fuel engines

使用方法

Usage method

1、起動：關閉沼氣閥，按柴油機的起動方法，用柴油起動操作方法與未改裝前一樣。

1. Starting: Close the biogas valve, follow the starting method of the diesel engine, and start with diesel using the same method as before.

2、起動后的操作：起動后帶上負荷，將柴油機油門放在合適的位置（一般放在中間偏低一點位置），待發動機運轉正常后，慢慢地打開沼氣閥門輸入沼氣。通入沼氣后，在調速器作用下供油量自動減少，發動機轉速穩定。若沼氣輸入量過多，發動機會出現瞬間供油中斷現象，產生斷續的工作聲。遇到這種情況，應隨時即將沼氣閥略微關小，直到正常運轉為止。

2. Operation after starting: After starting, load the diesel engine and place the throttle in a suitable position (usually slightly lower in the middle). After the engine runs normally, slowly open the biogas valve to input biogas. After introducing biogas, the fuel supply automatically decreases under the action of the governor, and the engine speed stabilizes. If there is too much biogas input, the engine will experience an instantaneous fuel supply interruption, producing intermittent working sounds. In this situation, the biogas valve should be slightly turned down at any time until it operates normally.

在運轉過程中，調整轉速的方法與改裝前用柴油工作時一樣，通過改變油門手柄位置來進行。隨著雙燃料發動機轉速或負荷大小的改變，也要相應的開大或關小沼氣閥門，以保證雙燃料發動機正常運轉和較好的節油效果。當沼氣—柴油機冷卻水溫較低已及小負荷運行時，節油效果差。

In the process of operation, the method of adjusting the speed is the same as that of working with diesel before modification, by changing the position of the throttle handle. As the speed or load of the dual fuel engine changes, the biogas valve should also be opened or closed accordingly to ensure the normal operation and good fuel saving effect of the dual fuel engine. When the cooling water temperature of biogas diesel engines is low and they are operating at low loads, the fuel saving effect is poor.

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